Computer Specialists

Computer Specialists

Our specialists can service, support, maintain and upgrade your computer equipment and networks. We can help with small projects like installing Anti-virus software, installing new programs, or setting up a secure wireless internet connection or help with large projects like building an office network. We can even come to your home or office, so you don't miss a beat

Charley kline

The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. If the most direct route was not available, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes.
The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.

A brief history of the internet

The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, and moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it. Leonard Kleinrock of MIT and later UCLA developed the theory of packet switching, which was to form the basis of Internet connections. Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California computer in 1965 over dial-up telephone lines. It showed the feasibility of wide area networking, but also showed that the telephone line's circuit switching was inadequate. Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed. Roberts moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET. These visionaries and many more left unnamed here are the real founders of the Internet

Program: A complex set of instructions that allow the computer user to process data. Common programs include word-processing, spreadsheets, databases, drawing and painting, Internet tools, and games. Programs are necessary for computers to be useful to humans.
RAM: This acronym stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is commonly called "memory". Memory is measured in megabytes (MB) and usually comes in multiples of 2 or 4. The more RAM that a computer has, the better it can carry out instructions. It is recommended that a new computer have 32 MB, 64MB, or 128MB of RAM.

Printer: A peripheral device that allows the computer user to produce paper copies of the information processed by the computer. Common home printers spray ink on paper and are called ink-jet printers. Office and school printers are typically laser printers which work on the same principle as a xerographic copy machine, using electrostatic charges and toner cartridges to place information on paper.

Pentium - Pentium II: Faster, larger CPU devices that are designed to allow more computing instructions to occur per second. Most computers manufactured in the past 3 to 4 years contain this device.
Peripheral Device: Any device that is connected to the computer in addition to the basic CPU-Monitor-Keyboard-Mouse configuration. External speakers, microphones, joysticks, printers, and scanners are examples of peripherals.

Platform: The computer operating system and/or architecture. Computers that are capable of running MS-DOS, Windows 3.1 or Windows95/NT operating system software typically have the Intel 486/Pentium CPU. Computers running the Macintosh operating system software have a Motorola 68xxx/PowerPC CPU. For the most part, these platforms are incompatible as they have different rules and instructions for performing their tasks.

Network Card: A card that can be installed in one of the motherboard slots to give the computer the ability to talk to other computers with similar cards. A collection of similarly equipped computers connected by specially designed cables is known as a network. The mechanism (including languages and protocols) used to communicate on a network are varied, but the most common networking designs in use are Ethernet and Token Ring.
Operating System Software (OS): The instructions that allow the computer to start working and permit it to run other programs. The major OS software types include MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Macintosh, UNIX, and LINUX. The most popular OS in use at present is Windows 95. Most computers come with one of these pre-installed.

Monitor: The "Television" screen that allows you to see what the computer is doing. Many newcomers to computing mistakenly think of the monitor as the computer itself. Computers can operate without a monitor, but computer users cannot.
Motherboard: The circuit board on which most of the major electronic components are situated. Most manufacturers integrate cable attachment ports on the back-end of the motherboard. They also include slots so that owners can add their own cable attachment ports. The slots are designed to accept cards. These are normally found near the back of the computer case.
Mouse: A common input device used to tell a computer what it needs to do. With the invention of the Macintosh and Windows operating systems, computer users needed a device to point at objects on the screen and select them.
MS-DOS: An older operating system that powered personal computers through their beginning years. Prior to the development of the graphics-oriented Macintosh and Windows operating systems, this system relied on typing commands one line at a time to tell the computer what you wanted it to do. This system is still in use in the Windows family of software and still has many practical uses. Windows 3.1 relies on MS-DOS to operate. MS-DOS stands for Microsoft-Disk Operating System.

Floppy Diskette: The floppy diskette is a removable storage device that is used by the Floppy Diskette Drive (also known as the A: drive or FDD). This storage device is capable of holding 1,440,000 bytes (1.44MB) of data. The Floppy Diskette is inserted and removed from a slotted opening on the front of the computer case.
Keyboard: The main tool to get information into the computer and the most common way to tell the computer what you want it to do. Most keyboards have the same arrangement of keys as a typical typewriter keyboard. Computer keyboards have additional keys that perform computer-specific functions.
Modem: A telecommunications peripheral device that allows computer to communicate with one another via conventional telephone lines. Modems are required for home computers to access the Internet or to send and receive facsimile transmissions (FAX). Modems are rated by their speed in moving data from the computer to the telephone line. This speed is measured in bits per second (bps). Standard modern modems are rated at 28,800 bps, 33,600 bps and 56,400 bps.

486: An older CPU that was constructed at the beginning of the Windows 95 revolution. This CPU works great if you are running MS-DOS or Windows 3.1. In general, this is one of the things that should be considered when purchasing a computer.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD): This is the internal magnetic storage device housed inside the computer case. These come in a variety of sizes, measured in how many bits of information they can contain. A bit of information equals either zero (0) or one (1). To a computer, this is equivalent to turning a light switch off (0) or on (1). Computers operate on bits in groups of 8, called a byte. Every byte contains 8 bits. Bits and bytes can be stored magnetically on material that resembles cassette or 8-track recording tape. The magnetic material stores information as sequences of the digits "0" and "1" (hence the name digital storage). Since it takes many bytes to store such things as letters, words, and sentences, the amount of information that a Hard Drive can store is measured in multiples of 1000-bytes, 1,000,000 bytes, or 1,000,000,000 bytes. Terms such as kilobyte (1000 bytes or 1KB), megabyte (1,000,000 bytes or 1MB), and gigabyte (1,000,000,000 bytes or 1GB) have evolved to represent these storage capacities. When you purchase a computer, get as large a Hard Drive as you can afford. The standard in 1998 was between 4GB and 8GB. The Hard Disk Drive is often referred to as the "C:" drive

CD-ROM: Another acronym. This one stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. CD-ROM disks are becoming the standard for delivering programs from the software developer to the computer user. CD-ROM's come in a variety of flavors based on the language they are written in (PC, Mac, or Unix). PC's cannot read a Mac CD-ROM, but Macs can read PC CD-ROMS.
CPU: The brain of the computer. This is located on a circuit board inside the desktop or tower computer case. This component has terms associated with it such as "486", "Pentium" and "Celeron". Most of the CPU's are manufactured by a company called Intel. They are the Microsoft of the hardware world.
Data: Computer food. Data can be numbers, letters, symbols, mathematical expressions, mouse clicks, or button presses. The CPU translates all this activity to series of zeroes and ones and then performs magic.
Drivers: Drivers are software packages that are needed to run certain peripheral devices. Printers, monitors, scanners, and network cards all require software drivers so that the computer knows how to communicate and control the device

Computer Peripherals
Computer peripherals are any electronic devices that can be hooked up to a computer other than the standard input-output devices (monitor, keyboard,mouse). Peripheral devices include speakers, microphones, printers, scanners, digital cameras, plotters, and modems. Peripherals often require special software packages called "drivers". These drivers are usually included with the peripheral at purchase time.

The CD-ROM Drive
This modern miracle gained prominence in the late 1980's and has become the primary distribution medium for software to consumers. The Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) disk itself is a collection of concentric circles containing millions of pits and plateaus which correspond to on/off bits of data. The disk is read with an optical laser similar to the one used to scan your groceries at the supermarket. Most disks of this kind are "Read Only" meaning that the computer can retrieve information from the disk, but cannot place information on it. New developments have improved this technology to allow writing and rewriting data to the disk. A different kind of hardware mechanism is needed to employ this innovation.

The Floppy Diskette Drive
Once the most advanced of storage devices, floppy diskettes are normally used a temporary storage containers or transportation media for data. A standard floppy diskette can hold 1.44 MB of computer data. This amounts to a rather large number of pages if translated to the paper standard for textual information. Computer diskettes are not as reliable or fast as the internal storage drives on the computer. They are also the primary vector of virus infection in the computer world

The Mouse
Named for the resemblance of the wire coming out of it and a mouse's tail, the mouse was introduced to computing in the early 1980's when Macintosh created its graphical user interface (GUI). The mouse is another input device used to point at objects on the computer monitor and select them. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows the computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.

The Keyboard
The Keyboard is the primary input device used to communicate with the computer. A computer keyboard closely resembles a conventional typewriter keyboard with the addition of numerous keys that are used specifically for computing functions.

The monitor

The Computer Monitor is the computer user's window into the workings of the computer. It consists of a television picture tube that had been modified to accept the type of video signal created by the computer's electronics. Conventional televisions can be used as computer monitors if a tranlation device is used to connect them. The picture quality leaves something to be desired.

The actual computer

Your "computer" is a collection of devices that function as a unit. The most basic collection includes a Computer CPU, a Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse. The Computer CPU is normally a rectangular box that sits on your desktop (called a "Desktop Case") or next to your knee under the desk (called a "Tower Case"). The computer's CPU is actually a small electronic device inside the case but the term is often used to refer to the whole collection of electronics inside the box.

Changing Users

# click on start botton then click on log off.
# click on log off icon then wait.
# after sometimes its shows list of user than click on reqried of user name of the list.
# by this way you can user of computer of windows operating system.

Setting

it is use to adjust screen area and define color mode of windows appearing system.
# Right click on empty area on desktop screen then click on properties.
# Click on setting tab then adjust screen area dragging the slyder.
# Select color mode from color box.
# After finishing click on appearance and OK.

Setting

Appearance

It is used to change color scheme of all the windows and components.
# Right click on emptyarea of desktop screen then click on properties.
# Click on appearance tab then slect color screen from box.
# Click on advence button then select desktop from iteam box.
# Select desktop color from box.
#Select icon from box then select or adjust icon size.
Select menu from box then select color .
# By this way define format of all the windows components then click on OK.

screen saver

It is animaded takes or picture that moves over they coindows screen while computer is booting but not in use. It does not harm any open application but is protect computer screen from the light of sun.
#Right click on empty area of desktop screen then click on properties.
#click on screen sever tab then select type of screen sever from box.
#slect 3D test marque from box then click on setting button.
#compose test in the box then select fant for makes.

Desktop

It is use to change background of desktop screen.
- Right click on empty area of desktop screen then click on properties.
- Click on desktop tab then select picture file name from list.
Click on position box then select flie strech or center.
After finishing click on applied and ok.

Memory is the part of the computer on which data and program can be stored.When you switch on the computer it reads the main memory or RAM of the computer.RAM is known as primary memory of the computer then it seeks system files of operating system to lkord in the RAM.These files are located in the hard disk.It reads these files and loads into the ram.This memory is erabables.

punched card

Dr,Hermen hollerith developed punched cards to solve the problem in American census in the year 18886-1887. The punched cards have holes at different places which are made by the machine called punch hopper.The combination of hole and no hole represents data for tlbuloting machine which was developed by Hollerith himself.

The computer's user. we complete our workdue to the lack of technology and devices required for this machine at thet time. His credid in the field of compiting has honoured.so,Charles Babbage as the father of computer science.

analytical engine

Charles babbage is the most known person in the field of historical computing. He developed a machine called analytical engine.The concept as we have in his modern computers. modern computers have the same concept as input unit,processing unit and output unit that was developed by charles Babbage.

disk opreating system (ms-dos)

This software was developed by microsoft corporation of USA. THE oprating system (os) dose the following important functions.a, It controls and coordinates to all the hardware components. b, It manages the computer's memory. c, It manages the computer's resources.d, It provides the user friendly environment. Before we begin to discuss the fanction of dos, let us learn some importants term.

computer system

okperating system software(oss)
every computer needs a system sofewarae.a system software controls the computer system the and its periphera; devices. it allows to process and supply output on the screen or printer. the system sofeware creates afriendlly environment for the user and programmers. the relationship beatween user,hardware and software is establlished by the system software in use which is a;so called okperating system software . one of the most common and worldwide popular operating system sofeware for micro computers is microsoft.

The main features of computer are. a, It works at hight speed. b, IT IS accurate. c, It can do the same task repeatedly. d, IT can do one or more tasks of different nature at the same time. e, It can store a huge number of data and information ina small disk.

computer

computer interduction
computer is an electronic device which allows you to input data and commands process and give out results.computers also help us to study science,math,medicine,etc. A computer is an electronic device which can accept data and instructions processes them and gives the processes output as anformation to the user.